Produksi Benih Kentang Kanada: Sains Publik yang Kuat, Varietas Tahan Penyakit, dan Fokus Ekspor yang Meningkat

Canada’s potato seed system rests on a strong public research base, with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) serving as the principal breeding centre. The country not only supplies itself with seed material but actively exports it, while pursuing breeding programmes focused on resistance to disease and climatic stress. Among the varieties registered in Canada are both workhorses of the industry and niche developments. NORTHSTAR, a medium-maturing variety bred at the AAFC research centre in Lethbridge, Alberta, and licensed in 2006, offers high yields, resistance to tuber deformation and strong resistance to tuber late blight; it has a high dry matter content and is excellently suited to chip production, including directly from storage at 6°C. AQUILON, developed at the Les Buissons research centre in Quebec and registered in 1999, stands out for its very high drought tolerance and very high dry matter content, making it ideal for chips — retaining quality until the end of April — as well as for boiling. SAGINAW GOLD, a joint development of Michigan State University and Agriculture Canada licensed in 1988, delivers consistently good chip and French fry colour after 3–5 months of storage at 10–11°C, along with good resistance to PVY, PVX and leafroll. Kateri, bred in Quebec and registered in 2019, is a medium-late variety with white flesh and shallow eyes, while Cartier — a very new variety, also developed in Quebec, which received rights in February 2026 — is a red-skinned, white-fleshed variety intended for the fresh market.

Modern Canadian breeding places heavy emphasis on resistance. AAFC conducts extensive evaluation of promising new lines under the National Potato Variety Evaluation programme, with priority given to resistance to disease, drought and heat. Lines resistant to potato virus Y (PVY), which causes serious yield losses and downgrades seed potato classes, have been identified, including VF180059-06 (for French fry) and VF180073-14 (a red-skinned table variety). In 2025, eastern trial sites experienced severe drought, which allowed the selection of lines showing high yields under stress conditions: lines F20070-06 and VF20037-08 (for French fry) outperformed the standards in processing yield, and F20070-06 also carries resistance to potato wart, while the red-skinned line VF180073-13 performed excellently in both standard and heat trials. On processing quality, line F180085-04 is regarded as outstanding for chip production, combining high yield potential with very low sugar content immediately after harvest, which reduces the risk of lot rejection by processors. Canadian breeding also makes active use of genetic markers to accelerate selection: each year the best lines are chosen from more than 120,000 hybrid seedlings, a process that has produced varieties with improved nutritional properties and resistance — including a recently introduced variety with dark-pink flesh rich in anthocyanins, as well as French fry lines potentially yielding 35% more than the classic Russet Burbank. Canadian varieties are also in demand abroad: Quebec clones, for instance, have been tested in Brazil for their suitability for French fry processing.

Kata kunci: Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, AAFC, potato breeding, seed potatoes, NORTHSTAR, AQUILON, SAGINAW GOLD, Kateri, Cartier, late blight, PVY, PVX, drought tolerance, heat stress, potato wart, dry matter, chip quality, French fry, genetic markers, Russet Burbank, anthocyanins, National Potato Variety Evaluation